The Islamic Republic of Iran has development and moved to take giant leaps to become a major player in the global affairs and participating immensely in the multilateral platforms including its membership of BRICS and strengthening diplomatic and trade ties with significant partners like South Africa.
In this Question and Answer interview Iran's Ambassador to South Africa, Mansour Shakib Mehr, explains the country's journey of achievements since the Islamic Revolution.
Question: What were the causes and motivations behind the Islamic Revolution?
Answer: The Islamic Revolution of Iran emerged from a combination of political, cultural, social, and economic factors. Among the key reasons were dictatorship, widespread oppression, censorship, and the lack of political freedoms. Additionally, the deep dependency of the Pahlavi regime on foreign powers, particularly Western countries, coupled with widespread corruption and the lack of political and economic independence, played a significant role. The public's dissatisfaction with imposed Westernized values and disregard for national and Islamic beliefs also provided the necessary motivation for this massive transformation. Collectively, these factors led to a revolutionary movement aiming to establish justice, independence, and the sovereignty of Islamic values. The exceptional leadership of Imam Khomeini (RA) played a pivotal role in bringing the revolution to fruition.
Q: How has the Islamic Republic of Iran maintained its political independence and strengthened its internal power?
A: The political independence of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on eliminating dependency on foreign powers and strengthening national and popular capacities across various fields. This approach has led to significant progress in multiple areas. In the defence and military sector, Iran now produces over 90% of its defence needs domestically and is an exporter of defence equipment. In the economic and industrial fields, Iran has achieved remarkable advancements in industries such as steel, automotive manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, oil and gas, peaceful nuclear energy, petrochemicals, agriculture, and energy. From a scientific and technological perspective, Iran has witnessed considerable growth, with over 2,500 universities and women constituting 52% of higher education participants. Additionally, in healthcare, fundamental changes have been made, life expectancy has increased, and 97% of the country's pharmaceutical needs are produced domestically. These achievements demonstrate Iran's commitment to independence and sustainable development.
Q: What has been the role of global powers in confronting the Islamic Revolution, and how have the Iranian people resisted?
A: Since the years leading up to the Islamic Revolution, global powers, particularly the U.S., have sought to interfere in Iran's internal affairs to protect their interests. These efforts included the 1953 coup against Iran's national government, financial and military support for Saddam Hussein during the imposed war, and severe economic and financial sanctions. The Iranian people, through their resilience and unity, including their support for the revolution, participation in the war frontlines, and active presence in elections, have played a vital role in countering these threats. This steadfastness has been crucial in preserving the Islamic Revolution and strengthening Iran's position. On average, Iran has held one election per year over the past 46 years, highlighting the active role of its citizens in shaping their destiny.
Q: What measures have been taken post-Islamic Revolution to support the underprivileged and establish social justice?
A: Following the Islamic Revolution's victory, numerous initiatives were undertaken to support the underprivileged and establish social justice. These measures included new legislation for economic reforms and equitable wealth distribution, focusing on poverty alleviation, targeted subsidies, and expanding social services. In education and healthcare, programs such as free education, literacy campaigns, and the healthcare transformation plan were implemented to improve access to affordable medical services and health insurance for low-income groups. Electrification and gas supply to rural areas, along with developing rural infrastructure, were also significant efforts to reduce inequalities and ensure social justice. The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation was established to support low-income families through financial aid, employment loans, and other welfare services. Additionally, the Mostazafan Foundation and the Welfare Organisation were created to assist vulnerable groups, including orphans, the disabled, and female-headed households.
Q: How has the Islamic Republic of Iran acted as an independent and influential player in foreign policy?
A: Iran's foreign policy is based on independence, resistance to external pressures, and multilateral cooperation. By supporting the oppressed and grassroots movements against colonialism and imperialism, Iran has pursued a justice-oriented approach. After the Islamic Revolution, Iran adopted the "Neither East nor West" policy, establishing itself as an independent nation. Iran has actively engaged in regional crises, forming significant relationships with global powers like China, Russia, and the European Union. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) exemplifies Iran's successful diplomacy with world powers. Despite facing numerous challenges, Iran remains a key player in regional and international developments. Its good-neighbourly policy has played a critical role in fostering logical relations with neighbouring countries.
Q: What is the Islamic Republic of Iran's vision for achieving sustainable development and strengthening its global scientific, economic, and cultural position?
A: Iran's vision for sustainable development is outlined in its long-term strategies and five-year development plans. The main objectives include scientific advancement in areas like renewable energy, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology. Iran also aims to reduce dependency on oil resources and strengthen its knowledge-based economy. Diversifying industries, promoting agriculture, tourism, and mining, and fostering startups are other priorities. Human capital development is a cornerstone of Iran's sustainable development, with significant investments made in this area. Culturally, Iran seeks to promote its rich heritage and civilization globally through cultural diplomacy. Environmental preservation and renewable energy usage are also high priorities. Strengthening defense capabilities and expanding regional security cooperation are additional aspects of this vision, helping Iran play a more effective role globally.
Q: How would you evaluate the relationship between Iran and South Africa?
A: The relationship between Iran and South Africa is built on shared interests, historical ties, and common values. Iran was a supporter of the anti-apartheid movement, and diplomatic relations were formally established in 1994 after the regime's fall. These relations encompass extensive economic, trade, and diplomatic cooperation. Fifteen joint commission meetings have been held, resulting in over 80 agreements. Iran and South Africa share common perspectives in international organizations such as the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, and BRICS. South Africa's support for Iran's BRICS membership marks a turning point in their relations. Iran also commends South Africa's historic decision to refer the Israeli genocide case to the International Court of Justice. Despite positive relations, there is a need for increased economic and political interactions to address remaining obstacles. Both countries possess significant potential for collaboration in energy, mining, tourism, agriculture, and healthcare, which should be leveraged to strengthen ties.
Q: How do you assess the ceasefire process in Gaza and efforts toward peace?
A: The ongoing situation in Gaza is the result of years of occupation, suppression, and systematic genocide supported by certain Western powers. Iran has consistently emphasized that a lasting ceasefire can only be achieved by addressing the root causes of the crisis—occupation and the Zionist regime's expansionist policies. Iran supports regional and international initiatives to end war crimes, uphold Palestinian rights, and ensure international justice. Iran's policy has always been to support the legitimate resistance of the Palestinian people and advocate for a just solution, including ending occupation, the return of Palestinian refugees, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with Al-Quds as its capital. Iran also backs efforts by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to investigate war crimes by the Israeli regime and believes that the global community must focus on applying serious pressure on the occupying regime.
Q: What benefits does Iran gain from its recent membership in BRICS?
A: Iran's membership in BRICS represents a strategic opportunity to expand its global economic, trade, and political relations. BRICS, as a powerful economic bloc comprising China, Russia, India, Brazil, and South Africa, holds a significant share of the global economy and seeks to establish a new multipolar world order. For Iran, this membership provides key benefits, including reduced dependency on Western financial systems and the use of national currencies, which helps mitigate the impact of sanctions. Membership also enables Iran to expand exports, participate in infrastructure projects, and strengthen banking and financial ties through alternative channels. Furthermore, Iran's presence in BRICS enhances its geopolitical influence and offers opportunities for scientific, technological, and sustainable development. This membership fosters relations with like-minded nations and strengthens Iran's position in the international arena.
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